Operation: Gustavsburg-Mainz (Mission #683), Germany

Date: 19th October 1944 (Thursday)

Unit No: 704th Bombardment Squadron (H), 446th Bombardment Group (H), 2nd Air Divison, 8th Air Force

Type: B-24J Slightly Dangerous

Serial No: 42-50681

Code: FL:B

Base: Bungay (Station #125), Flixton, Suffolk, England

Location: Hohe Wurzel to the south of Seitzenhahn

Pilot: 1st Lt. Martin James Mullane DFC, O-760654 AAF Age 27. Murdered (1)

Co-Pilot: 1st Lt. Norman Jay Marshank DFC, O-768153 AAF Age 20. PoW *

Navigator: 1st Lt. Louis Howard Kieffer DFC, O-708305 AAF Age 19. PoW **

Bombardier: Capt. Ralph Edwin Dougherty O-670039 AAF Age 27. PoW ***

Radio/Op: T/Sgt. Hoover Cleveland Baucom DFC, 34772366 AAF Age 21. Murdered (1)

Engineer: T/Sgt. Willard Franklin Perry DFC, 36591162 AAF Age 19. Murdered (2)

Ball Turret Gnr: S/Sgt. Wallace John Maxson DFC, 17119369 AAF Age 23. PoW ****

Right Waist Gnr: S/Sgt. Roy Elbert Glover DFC, 38511702 AAF Age 20. PoW ****

Left Waist Gnr: S/Sgt. George Raymond Green DFC, 37704806 AAF Age 26. PoW ****

Tail Gnr: S/Sgt. Benjamin Hunter Thompson Ringo DFC, 14076650 AAF Age 21. PoW ****

The B-24 had ten (10) crew positions. Crew complements evolved during the war and generally comprised 9 personnel who were typically, but not always, Pilot, Co-Pilot, Bombardier, Navigator, Flight Engineer/Top Turret Gunner, Radio/Radio Operator/Waist Gunner, Nose Gunner, Ball Turret Gunner, Waist Gunner, Tail Gunner.

* Stalag 7A Moosburg, Bavaria.

** Stalag 9C Bad Sulza, Saxe-Weimar.

***Stalag Luft 3 Sagan-Silesia, Germany, now Żagań in Poland.

**** Stalag Luft 4 Gross-Tychow, Pomerania, Prussia.

Above left to right: 1st Lt. Martin J. Mullane (courtesy: Michel Beckers), T/Sgt. Hoover C. Baucom (Courtesy of The Charlotte Observer, dated 12th November 1948), T/Sgt. Willard F. Perry (Courtesy of The Monroe Evening News, dated 31st October 1945)

REASON FOR LOSS:

Above: B-24J 42-50681 ‘Slightly Dangerous’ (Credit: B24bestweb)

REASON FOR LOSS:

B-24J 'Slightly Dangerous' departed from Bungay in Suffolk on a bombing mission to Gustavsburg-Mainz in Germany. Capt. Dougherty was the replacement Bombardier for 1st Lt. Joseph M. Miller.

Above: Courtesy of The Los Angeles Times, dated 9th December 1944

On the 25th October 1944 1st Lt. Joseph M. Miller O-766330 was aboard 704 Bombardment Sqn (H), 446 Bombardment Group (H) B-24H 41-291411 ‘Ridge Runner’ which was on a ferry flight from Bungay to RAF Woodvale in Lancashire. Weather conditions were very bad and the aircraft made two circuits at very low altitude before attempting to land. At the last moment the pilot realised that he was not in line with the runway and in attempting to correct the right wing tip touched the ground and the aircraft crashed into a bank near the Liverpool to Southport railway line, somersaulted into a field and burst into flames at 12:59 hrs at Birkdale in Lancashire. 1st Lt. Miller was one of seven (7) from the twenty (20) crew and passengers who perished.

After action reports described how after completing its bomb run the aircraft was seen to lose altitude with No. 4 engine feathered. No further observations were reported after the aircraft dropped out of the formation. No parachutes were seen to come from the aircraft before it was lost from view. However, several Individual Casualty Questionnaires (ICQ) confirm that all of the crew bailed out of the aircraft.

German documents record that the aircraft crashed at Hohe Wurzel to the south of Seitzenhahn. Seven (7) of the crew were captured and spent the remainder of the war in various PoW camps.

(1) 1st Lt. Marshank recorded in his ICQ that T/Sgt. Baucom was uninjured and was seen to bail out of the aircraft. S/Sgt. Maxson recorded in his ICQ that he was the last but one to bail out and he saw 1st Lt. Mullane, who was uninjured and flying the aircraft whilst the crew bailed out. Mullane told him "Go ahead, I’m right behind you". 1st Lt. Mullane and T/Sgt. Baucom were not seen again. There was speculation among the surviving crew members that they had died at the hands of German civilians.

A General Military Government Court which was held at Ludwigsburg in Germany between the 4th and 8th December 1945, charged three (3) German nationals, two (2) civilians and a soldier, with the killing of three (3) unknown members of the United States army, at or near Niederseelbach, on or about the 19th October 1944, who were then unarmed, surrendered PoWs in the custody of the then German Reich.

The timing and location of the killings makes it probable that 1st Lt. Mullane and T/Sgt. Baucom were two (2) of the three (3) unknown victims. This probability is strengthened by the location of their remains at the Niederseelbach cemetery.

Although there are some indications that 1st Lt. Mullane may have stayed at the controls to the last, perishing in the crash, there is the fact that the Ludwigsburg court spoke of three (3) murder victims. Since research was able to account for the fate of all other casualties, the only way to explain the existence of three murder victims at Niederseelbach is to assume Mullane was one of them. His Individual Deceased Personnel File (IDPF), if and when available, may allow a more definite statement.

The accused were:

Fritz Amstutz who was a former member of the Nazi party and an SA (Sturmabteilung) Scharführer (Sgt);

Robert Schauer who was the former Bürgermeister (Mayor) of Engenhahn and Niederseelbach and also a Ortsgruppenleiter (Local Nazi group leader);

Willi Christ who was a former Wehrmacht soldier and was charged with the killing of one (1) of the unknown victims.

Two (2) of the unidentified airmen landed near Engenhahn and the third near Niederseelbach. The trial Review and Recommendations (R&R) document implied that the three (3) airmen were from the same aircraft. However, research has concluded that it is probable that one (1) of the airmen came from B-24J 42-50842 Betsy II.

The court heard that the airman who had landed near Niederseelbach was taken to the Bürgermeister before being locked in a room at the local Kindergarten. Christ and a man named Rücker proceeded to Engenhahn to collect the other two (2) airmen and return with them to Niederseelbach. En route, they were met by Schauer who asked why the airmen had not been shot. Christ and Rücker continued on to Niederseelbach and turned over the airmen to Fuhrmann. The two airmen were locked in the same room at the local Kindergarten as the first airman.

Later that evening Fuhrmann and Amstutz arrived to move one of the airmen to Idstein, which is about 4 miles (6½ km) to the north of Niederseelbach. Amstutz was handed a pistol by Schauer. After collecting the airman they proceeded in the direction of Idstein. En route Fuhrmann shot and killed the airman. They returned to Niederseelbach and collected the second airman and prepared to set off again toward Idstein. However, the airman was limping so a cart was obtained to carry him. En route Amstutz stopped to relieve himself, as he finished he heard two (2) shots and found that Fuhrmann had shot and killed the airman. They then returned to Niederseelbach.

The next morning Fuhrmann and Amstutz collected the third airman and proceeded to walk toward Idstein with Christ following along behind. En route Amstutz heard several shots and saw the airman fall to the ground. Christ admitted to having shot in the direction of the airman. After examining the body all three returned to Niederseelbach. Later, the three bodies were temporarily placed in a gravel pit and the next evening they we buried in the local cemetery at Niederseelbach.

The court found the three (3) accused guilty of the charge and sentenced Schauer to thirteen (13) years imprisonment, Amstutz to five (5) years imprisonment and Christ to twelve (12) months imprisonment. The sentences were to commence on the 8th December 1945. Schauer was released in December 1954 and Amstutz in February 1950.

It is clear from the R&R document that the prime suspect in the killing of the three (3) airmen was the individual named Fuhrmann, however, it is not known why he was not in court and charged with the other three (3) accused.

1st Lt. Mullane and T/Sgt. Baucom were initially buried in graves 7 and 9 respectively at the Niederseelbach cemetery.

(2) 1st Lt. Marshank and S/Sgt. Maxson recorded in their ICQ’s that T/Sgt. Perry was uninjured and was seen to bale out of the aircraft in the vicinity of Wiesbaden. He was not seen again. There was speculation among the surviving crew members that he had died at the hands of German civilians.

A General Military Court which was convened at Dachau, Germany during the period 10th January to 21st March 1947, charged (Charge No. 4 of 10) five (5) German nationals that they did, on the 19th October 1944, at or near Wiesbaden, Germany, wilfully, deliberately and wrongfully encourage, aid, abet and participate in the killing of a member of the United States army, believed to be Sgt. Willard F. Perry, ASN 36591162, who was then and there a surrendered and unarmed PoW in the custody of the then German Reich.

Those charged were:

Jürgen Stroop, who was the former Higher SS (Schutzstaffel) and Police Leader in the SS main district of Rhein-Westmark and former SS Generalleutnant (Major General) of the Waffen SS;

Hans Trummler who was a former SS Oberführer (Notionally the same level as a Brigadier General), an Oberst (Col) in the police and commander of the Security Police and the SD (Security Service of the SS) in the district of Rhein-Westmark;

Otto Somann who had been Trummler’s predecessor;

Wilhelm Adolf Höhler who was a former Criminal Police agent detached to the Gestapo;

Arthur Führ who had been working for the Wiesbaden Gestapo as a driver and motor mechanic and was a former SS Master Sergeant (probably an SS Stabsscharführer).

The court heard that Trummler ordered a Gestapo agent, Kriminaloberassistent Richard Freundt and Arthur Führ to kill a captured American airman who was being held at the Gestapo headquarters in Wiesbaden. After dark Freundt and Führ, accompanied by Höhler drove the airman in an official car toward Oberursel, near Frankfurt. On the Wiesbaden to Frankfurt road, near an inn named Zum Wandersmann (The Wanderer or The Hiker), the airman was ordered out of the car and then shot by Freundt. They then went to find the local Gendarme (Rural policeman) and ordered him to have the airman buried, which was done that same night in the cemetery of Wallau. Returning to Wiesbaden they reported the execution of the order to Trummler. The next day Höhler submitted a written report to Trummler stating the airman was shot while trying to escape

The court found Stroop and Trummler guilty of transmitting orders regarding the illegal treatment of captured Allied airmen and both were sentenced to death by hanging. Stroop was also found guilty on charge 9 and both Stroop and Trummler were additionally found guilty on charge 5 and charge 6.

Stroop was subsequently extradited to Poland and executed there for other crimes on the 6th March 1952 and Trummler was executed on the 22nd October 1948 at Landsberg in Bavaria.

Höhler and Führ were found guilty of participating in the killing of T/Sgt. Perry and were both sentenced to death by hanging. Höhler was additionally found guilty on another 2 of the 10 charges. His death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment of 30 years and was later reduced to 25 years. He was subsequently paroled on the 28th September 1954. Führ was additionally found guilty on another 3 of the 10 charges and was sentenced to death by hanging. He was executed on the 15th October 1948 at Landsberg.

Somann was found not guilty on this charge but was found guilty of 2 of the 10 charges and sentenced to 4 years imprisonment commencing on the 30th May 1945. He was released in May 1949.

It is clear from the R&R document that the prime suspect in the killing of T/Sgt. Perry was the individual named Freundt, however, it is not known why he was not in court and charged along with the other accused.

T/Sgt. Perry was identified after being exhumed from a cemetery in Wallau on the 14th December 1945.

Burial Details

Above: Grave marker of 1st Lt. Martin J. Mullane (Ralph Peeters-FindAGrave)

1st Lt. Martin James Mullane. Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC), Purple Heart (PH), Air Medal and 3 Oak Leaf Clusters (AM(3OLC)). Netherlands American Cemetery, Margraten. Plot F, Row 5, Grave 5. Born on the 21st March 1917 in Alliance, Box Butte County, Nebraska. Son to stepfather Christian G. and mother Willa Mae (née Brumbaugh) Ludy. Husband to Blanche (née Coward) Mullane of Los Angeles, California, USA.

Above: Grave marker for T/Sgt. Hoover C. Baucom (Courtesy of and in memory of the Fallen Graver Ann M. Price - FindAGrave)

T/Sgt. Hoover Cleveland Baucom. Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC), Air Medal and 3 Oak Leaf Clusters (AM(3OLC)). Born on 25th October 1923 In Monroe, Union County, North Carolina. Repatriated and interred at the Lakeland Memorial Park Cemetery, Union County, North Carolina on the 14th November 1948. Son to Grover Cleveland and Miranda Frances (née Medlin) Baucom of Union County, North Carolina, USA.

T/Sgt. Willard Franklin Perry. Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC), Air Medal and 3 Oak Leaf Clusters (AM(3OLC)). Repatriated and interred at the Roselawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Monroe County, Michigan on the 12th January 1949. Born on the 27th November 1924 in Monroe, Michigan. Son of Winfield Scott and Elsie Emile Hedwig (née Haiker) Perry of Monroe, Michigan, USA.

Researched by Ralph Snape for Aircrew Remembered and dedicated to the relatives of this crew with thanks to Traugott Vitz for his work on the ‘VitzArchive’ and for his valued research and advice in compiling this report (Feb 2020). Reviewed and updated with new information and clippings (Mar 2026).

Other sources listed below:

Those who have long enjoyed such privileges as we enjoy forget in time that men have died to win them. Franklin Delano Roosevelt